Computer Generation

 Computer Generation

It means enhancement in hardware technology .Each generation defined by a significant technology development that changes fundamentally how computer's operate .less expensive efficient and robust machine .

There are different types of computer Generation:

1.First generation computer(1942-1956)

⇒The period 1942 to 1956, roughly considered as the First generation of computer.

⇒The working technology of first generation computer was vacuum tubes.

⇒Magnetic drums are uses for memory, first generation computer uses machine level language.

⇒The input of this system was based on punched cards and paper tape, however ,the output was displayed on printouts.

⇒The changes of hardware failure is very high.

⇒Generated large amount of heat.

⇒It takes large amount of electricity.

⇒Ac is mandatory, Bulky in size etc.

⇒ The first generation computers worked on binary-coded concept ( Language of 0-1)

Example:

 ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

UNIVAC(Universal Automatic computer)

2.Second generation computer(1959-1965):

⇒The second generation uses Assembly level language or High level language

     like FORTRAN, COBOL.

⇒Reliable in comparison to first generation computer.

⇒Smaller size as comparison to first generation computer.

⇒Generated less amount of heat as comparison to first generation computer.

⇒Consumed less electricity as compare to first generation computer.

⇒ Still very costly.

⇒It is faster than first generation computers.

Some popular computer of this generation :

◼ IBM   1620 

◼IBM    1604

◼IBM    7094

◼IBM    3600

3.Third generation computer(1965-1971):

⇒ The period  of third generation computer was from 1965 to 1971.

⇒The working technology of third generation computer was integrated circuit.

⇒Pascal ,Basic ,Algol high level language were used during third generation computer.

⇒More reoviral then other to generation.

⇒Smaller in size generated less amount of heat require less mountainous.

⇒consumed less electricity.

⇒Sported High level language.

⇒IBM-360,PDP(personal data processer)

⇒TDC-316 are some popular example of third generation computer.

4.Fourth generation computer(1971 -1980):

⇒ The period of Fourth generation computer was 1971 to 1980.

⇒ The working technology of fourth generation computer is microprocessor.

⇒ A microprocessor chip is made from hundreds of Integrated circuits constructs on a single silicon             chip.

⇒ Computer of fourth generation used very large scale integrated circuit.

⇒ Fourth generation computer became more powerful compact reliable and affordable.

⇒ In this generation science showing read time Network and distributed operating reacting system               Where used.

⇒ All the high level language like C,C++, Q-Basic ,VB(Visual Basic).

⇒ Concept of Internet was introduce.

⇒ Pipeline processing is also introduced in fourth generation computer.

⇒ very small size.

⇒ Great development in the fields of network.

Example of fourth generation computer:

 

◼IBM -4341

◼DEC-10

◼STAR-1000

◼PUP- 11

             

    5.Fifth Generation computer(1980  to till that):

⇒ The period of Fifth generation computer is 1980 to till that.

⇒ ULSI(ultra large scale integrated) technology is used in Fifth generation computer.

⇒ All the high level language like C, C++,Java, VB. Net  are used in this generation.

⇒ Development of natural language processing.

⇒ More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features.

⇒ Ability of very powerful and compact computer at cheaper rate.

⇒ This generation is based down parallel processing Hardware and AI(Artificial intelligences).

     Artificial intelligence is a very broad category in computer science that incorporates various other            technologies.

     Some of the main elements in AI include the following:

   ■Robotics

   ■Neural networking

   ■Game playing

   ■Natural language understanding and generation.

   ■ Development of advanced systems that can take decisions on real-life situations

   

   Various types of computer exist in this generation, which are given below:

    1.Desktop

    2.Laptop

    3.Notebook

    4.Ultra book

    5.Chrome book

       Classification of Generation of computers

   Generation of computer                   Generations timeline                                Evolving hardware

1. 1st generation                                    1942-1956                                                     Vacuum tubes
2. 2nd generation                                    1959-1965                                                       Transistor 

3.3rd generation                                      1965-1971                                                      Integrated circuit 

4.4th generation                                      1971-1980                                                      Micro processor

5.5th generation                                      1980-Present & Future                                    Artificial                                                                                                                                                         intelligence